The
configuration register value stored in nvram tells the router how to boot. By
deafult the configuration register value is 0x2102.
When
a router boots up, it performs a series of steps, called the boot sequence, to
test the hardware
and load the necessary software.
The boot sequence consists of the following steps:
The boot sequence consists of the following steps:
1.
The router performs a POST-hardware diagnostic test.
2.
The bootstrap then looks for and loads the Cisco IOS software. The bootstrap is
a program in
ROM. The bootstrap program is responsible for finding where each IOS program is
located and then loading the file. By default, the IOS software is loaded from
flash memory in all Cisco routers.
3.
The IOS software looks for a valid configuration file stored in NVRAM. This
file is called
startup-config and is present in NVRAM only if an administrator copies the running-config
file into NVRAM.
4.
If a startup-config file is in NVRAM, the router will copy this file and place
it in RAM and
then call the file running-config. The router will use this file to run the
router. The router
should then be operational. If a startup-config file is not present in NVRAM, the
router will attempt to locate a TFTP server that may contain this file, and
if that fails, it will start the setup mode configuration process.
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